• br Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank

  2023-12-25

  

  Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Dr. Bradford B. Lowell for providing us with β-less and WT breeding pairs. Funding sources: This work was supported by NIH Grant DK028082 (to E.M.F) and by an Institutional Research Training Grant NRSA 5T32DK751627 (to N.D.). Introduction The e

• Interestingly as observed with Treg cells adenosine

  2023-12-25

  

  Interestingly, as observed with Treg cells, adenosine can regulate the function of Breg cells, a subset of immunosuppressive cells that support immunological tolerance [115]. In particular, Bregs were able to regulate both their own function and T cell activity via an adenosine signaling originating

• Among the enzymes involved in

  2023-12-25

  

  Among the enzymes involved in adenosine metabolism, adenosine kinase plays an important role in regulating formation and release of endogenous adenosine in cardiomyocytes as well as vascular endothelial cells Decking et al., 1997, Kowaluk et al., 1998, Smolenski et al., 1994. Inhibition of adenosine

• 597 In this study we obtained the absorbance

  2023-12-25

  

  In this study, we obtained the absorbance and photoluminescence (PL) of 597 polymerized with various types of actin-binding proteins in order to probe the actin structures in situ without labeling. Both optical measurements have been useful in examining biomaterials such as DNA and proteins without

• Inactivation of autophagy can also impact

  2023-12-25

  

  Inactivation of autophagy can also impact the surface internalization of MHC I molecules, leading to increased antigen presentation. Inactivation of autophagy factors Atg5 and Atg7 in DCs causes elevation of MHC I surface levels by decreasing endocytosis due to a poor recruitment of adaptor-associat

• Cyclopamine The apoptosis promoting Bcl family includes BH o

  2023-12-25

  

  The apoptosis-promoting Bcl-2 family includes BH3-only proteins (e.g., Bim, Bid and Bad) and multiple-domain proteins (e.g., Bax and Bak). At the time of apoptosis stimulation (e.g., DNA damage), only the BH3-only protein is activated, directly or indirectly promoting Bax/Bak oligomerization, changi

• br Conflicts of interest br Introduction

  2023-12-25

  

  Conflicts of interest Introduction Arginase catalyzes the reaction in which l-arginine is converted to l-ornithine and urea. In humans, two arginase isoenzymes have been identified, arginase 1 and arginase 2, that differ in cellular location and tissue distribution [1]. Both arginase enzymes a

• Introduction Plant pathogenic fungi are major pathogens in

  2023-12-25

  

  Introduction Plant pathogenic fungi are major pathogens in agricultural diseases and the cause of large crop losses worldwide. There are many kinds of plant pathogenic fungi, with various modes of action. For example, Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) is the disease pathogen in the economically importa

• Intriguingly androgens may also have

  2023-12-25

  

  Intriguingly androgens may also have an indirect effect on AR gene expression through inhibition of the GATA2 transcription factor gene (He et al., 2014) (Table 1). Using ChIP-seq, GATA2 was found to bind to a regulatory element 5.5 kb upstream of the TSS of the AR gene and enhanced transcription, w

• The direction of research then turned to investigating the l

  2023-12-22

  

  The direction of research then turned to investigating the long-term effects of adiponectin on insulin resistance. Adiponectin transgenic mice showed a reduction in insulin resistance and diabetes [5,6], while adiponectin-deficient mice showed mild insulin resistance with glucose intolerance, as wel

• The nAChR has been considered an interesting potential

  2023-12-22

  

  The α7 nAChR has been considered an interesting potential target for numerous therapeutic indications over the last two decades, with GTS-21 one of the first candidates proposed for Alzheimer's disease [2], [3], [23]. Unfortunately, although many α7-selective agonists have been developed [21], none

• br Conflict of interest statement br Benign prostatic hyperp

  2023-12-22

  

  Conflict of interest statement Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a highly complex process characterized by an increased number of epithelial and stromal Boc-Phe-Osu receptor in the transition zone. , , Autopsy studies by McNeal detail the evolution of histological changes within these 2 cel

• br Author contributions br Conflict of

  2023-12-22

  

  Author contributions Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81502276), Major Projects of Science and Technology of Health and Family Planning Commission of Hunan Province (A2017013), the Natural Science Foundation o

• br Dual role of autophagy

  2023-12-22

  

  Dual role of autophagy in human diseases Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy serves as a double-edged sword in several human diseases, such as CNS diseases (Rubinsztein et al., 2015), arteriosclerosis (Schrijvers et al., 2011) and cancer (Ozpolat and Benbrook, 2015). Likewise, currently the

• Acknowledgments br Introduction Prostate cancer is the first

  2023-12-22

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Prostate cancer is the first leading cause of cancer-related deaths among males in the UK and the second in the US. Despite recent advances in surgery, radiation, medical management and screening, prostate cancer patients suffer high morbidity and mortality and signi

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